Looking at Old New Terrorism Presentation Looking at Old New Terrorism Introduction1.1 Background1.2 Aims and Objectivesâ 1.3 Research Questions1.4 Scope of the Study1.5 Structure of the Study2 Literature Review2.1 Defining Terrorism and rising types of Terrorism2.2 Factors that added to Terrorism’s Success2.3 Current counteraction and authorization options2.4Trends3. Approach 3.1 Introduction3.2 Methods of Data Collection3.2.1 Case Study AnalysisCase Study4.1 Irish Republican Army development factors4.2 Effectiveness of the IRA methods4.3 Al Qaeda arrangement factors4.4 Effectiveness of the IRA methods4.5 Trends4.8 Discussion5. Conclusionâ 7. ReferencesRelated Presentation 1.1 Background In the commencement as far as possible of the twentieth century, striking researchers thought of another idea of New Terrorism which speaks to a move from the conventional fear mongering. The new fear based oppression alludes to a subjective change in the idea of psychological warfare, which has purportedly occurred during the 1990s (Kurtulus 2007:476). This worldview has additionally been differently alluded to as contemporary psychological warfare (Laqueur 2003) post-current fear based oppression, super-fear based oppression, disastrous psychological warfare and hyper-psychological warfare (Field 2009). This thesis expects to embrace the assessment of this change in outlook. It expects to look at the different sources if there is undoubtedly a New Terrorism as peddled by certain researchers and strategy producers. It would do this by doing a contextual investigation of Irish Republican Army, or the IRA and Al Qaeda speaking to each gathering. 1.2 Aims and Objectives In this segment, the exploration points, destinations, and research addresses will be outlined.â Firstly, the point of this examination is as per the following: To guarantee that this point is completely investigated, the accompanying exploration targets have been contrived: How are the rising types of fear based oppression unique in relation to the conventional strategies? In what manner should the current counterterrorism framework be changed so as to address the difficulties of the advanced age?  1.3 Research Questions The exploration question is as per the following: What are the new types of psychological oppression and what variables made them? What are the key factors that have added to the accomplishment of these new psychological oppressor rehearses? Is the present counterterrorist framework fit for managing the developing fear based oppressor danger? To try to investigate this point, look into question and these targets, an audit of the writing will be embraced to investigate these territories have encountered change over time.â The discoveries from this survey will be utilized to investigate and analyze the examination point, goals and question.â To guarantee this is suitably attempted the accompanying themes will be talked about in the survey: 1.4 Scope of the Study An investigation of the Irish Republican Army will be embraced in contrast with the advanced tasks of the perceived psychological oppressor office Al Qaeda. 1.5 Structure of the Study This examination will be involved 6 segments including the presentation, writing audit, and procedure, contextual investigation, Discussion, Conclusion. 2 Literature Review  The segment will survey important writing as respects the proposed look into. 2.1 Defining Terrorism and rising types of Terrorism 2.2 Factors that added to Terrorism’s Success 2.3 Current anticipation and implementation choices 2.4Trends 3. Technique This section outlines the examination philosophy utilized just as giving a concise starting entry in regards to the significance of research methodology.â 3.1 Introduction The procedure centers around a clarification of the subjective and quantitative research approaches considered for this theory to respond to the accompanying inquiries: How are the rising types of psychological oppression unique in relation to the conventional techniques? In what capacity should the current counterterrorism foundation be altered so as to address the difficulties of the advanced age? This incorporates the components of the exploration approach received and the explanations for this decision. 3.2 Methods of Data Collection Optional sources dating from the activity of the Irish Republican Army just as year to date tasks of Al Qaeda will give the necessary scope of information for evaluation. 3.2.1 Case Study Analysis Yin (2009) fights that the contextual investigation examination procedure is a substantial instrument for giving observational content.â This strategy for explore takes into consideration an examination concerning this present reality effect of fear mongering. Others battle that the contextual investigation isn't generally the best vital examination approach (Baxter and Jack 2008).  However, Stake (1995) shows that a contextual analysis can give comprehension and increment the limit with regards to comprehension. The methodology for this paper will use a subjective, interpretative research technique; a contextual analysis assessment of the Irish Republican Army and Al Qaeda. Yin (2009) shows that the exploratory contextual investigation technique can be utilized to analyze circumstances in which there is no characterized result. This examination will lay on the objective to recognize difficulties and exercises for future. For the reasons for this exploration, the subjective research approach is progressively appropriate because of ability to survey the wide going nature the fear monger conditions. Contextual analysis This area will introduce a contextual investigation assessment of the Irish Republican Army in contrast with the activities of Al Qaeda. 4.1 Irish Republican Army arrangement factors Ryanair and (another aircraft of your decision) 4.2 Effectiveness of the IRA techniques 4.3 Al Qaeda arrangement factors 4.4 Effectiveness of the IRA techniques 4.5 Trends 4.8 Discussion (Tie the contextual investigation to the writing audit) 5. End  7. References Baxter, P. furthermore, Jack, S. 2008. Subjective contextual investigation strategy: Study structure and usage for fledgling researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13 (4), pp. 544559. Field, A. 2009. The ‘New Terrorism’: Revolution or Evolution?. Political Studies Review, 7 (2), pp. 195207. Kurtulus, E. 2011. The â€Å"new terrorism† and its critics. Studies in Conflict Terrorism, 34 (6), pp. 476500. Laqueur, W. 2003. No end to war. New York: Continuum. Stake, R. 1995. The specialty of contextual analysis research. Sage Publications, Inc. Yin, R. 2009. Case investigation look into. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Social and Community Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social and Community Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Social business visionaries hope to advertise items to meet the human needs however much as could reasonably be expected, separate themselves from other social endeavor players by doing genuine articles. The significance of social business people is called by their capacity to be steadily centered around impact and society’s changes and usage of developments that would assist with building stages for some individuals so as to empower them to consider constructive effect on the worldwide move (Osberg and Martin, 2007). The reason for investigation of social business enterprise is to recommend factors related with changes and how social orders restore themselves. It will research the job of social business visionaries, difficulties and pathway that made them move into social enterprise. Since, the capability of social business enterprise is past human idea, the solid case of such man, as the organizer of Toms Company will be explored and its tendency and social effect will be ex amined. An idea of social enterprise is as of now a far reaching thing, as indicated by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM Global Report, 2014). The GEM organize directed a worldwide study on the reception of social business among forty-nine nations. The outcomes demonstrated a more than one grown-up in forty members were at that point required into some social business enterprise action (see Appendix A). In current time, more organizations become social business visionaries to have the option to perplex upon such social issues as expanding school enlistment rate for understudies with low-pay and battling with destitution by utilizing various creative not-for-profits, social-reason adventures and mixture associations to produce social incentive for the general public (Noruzi, Westover and Rahimi, 2010). Riches creation is a piece of business enterprise, yet isn't simply the end. What is increasingly significant, it is the advancement of social change that sees the chances to improve fr ameworks, make arrangements and grow new methodologies for production of social worth (see

April 1 Random Admission Thoughts - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

April 1 Random Admission Thoughts - UGA Undergraduate Admissions April 1 Random Admission Thoughts It is April 1, so we are juggling a wide range of things at this time. We are working with freshmen, transfers, deposits, recruiting future classes, orientation planning, etc. I am also in the middle of a large installation of a new recruitment system (which is going great), but it is eating up most of my time right now. As such, here are a few notes about what is happening: Transfer applicants: We are well into reviewing transfer files, but each ones takes time, as we have to determine how your courses transfer into UGA, calculate an overall transfer GPA, determine hours, etc. Transfer decisions go out daily once we start the review process, and we are averaging roughly 50 files reviewed per day, M-F. I cannot guess when an applicant will hear a decision, as it depends on the number of applicants, when a file is complete, how complex the files is, etc. I am an admissions officer, not a fortune teller who can predict the future. Documents: Transfers, please remember to give us 10 business days from the day a transcript is sent OR you submit your application, whichever is last. It is a mostly manual process to match college transcripts, so it takes a while. If you left a college off the application this will cause problems, as we need official transcripts from every college you attended as an Undergraduate. Timelines: The Timelines page at under the blog header is the best place to understand more about when you will hear a decision. Remember, though, that the Timelines page has projected dates, and so these are not exact due to many factors that impact our reviews. I expect over 2,500 Fall transfer applicants, and while we are going through them as quickly as possible, over 1,000 students had applied by mid-February, over 1,500 had applied by the beginning of March, etc. In other words, patience is key. Admitted Freshman: Do not forget to decide on a college by May 1 and submit a deposit! We wish you well in this choice and want you to find the best possible match, but we do not want to hear from you on May 3rd saying I forgot to submit my deposit. HS Junior Parents: This is the time of year when HS juniors visit campuses for the first time and are looking at planning out their senior schedules. We are thrilled to have visitors to our campus, just make sure to schedule your visit early, as April tours and information sessions fill up quickly due to Spring Breaks and lots of interest in UGA. As well, our office is not the best group to suggest what a student should take during their senior year. We suggest your family sits down with your HS counselor to see what the options are, and how your student can challenge themselves yet still be successful in HS. We also get a large number of questions about AP vs DE (dual enrollment) courses, and which is the best option. Since we do not know all the details of the situation or all the options, I suggest you review a past AP vs. DE blog post on this issue and then work with your HS counselor. In addition, we do not make suggestions on what elementary schools applicants for Fall 2029 should attend. Scholarships: We will be awarding scholarships through about mid-April, but again, this takes a great deal of time to review files and make decisions, so we ask for your patience. We have made a large number of scholarship offers already, but we have a few offers still to make. Please remember that our office is limited in scholarship funding and we have a large number of strong/wonderful admitted students. In addition, we are not able to match scholarship offers from other colleges, as each institution has their own method and funding for scholarships. I hope this helps, and Go Dawgs!

Who Was George Washington - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 919 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/08 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: George Washington Essay Did you like this example? Everybody knows who George Washington is, he is on the dollar bill, Mount Rushmore, and is taught in every U.S. history class. What many people dont acknowledge about President Washington was his life before he even was George. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Who Was George Washington?" essay for you Create order The irony in his victory against the British was the fact that he came from an English family. His great-great-grandfather, John Washington, migrated to the new world to purchase land in the Westmoreland County in Virginia. There, John married Anne Pope and relocated to bridge creek. After that little is known about the Washington family until Lawrence Washington, Johns grandson came into the picture. Lawrence then had Augustine, John, and Mildred. It was Washingtons father, Augustine Washington, who married Jane Butler, the daughter of Caleb Butler. Together they had 4 children, unfortunately, 2 passed away only leaving his 2 sons Lawrence, who was born in 1718 and Augustine Jr who was born in 1720. Another sad event occurred with the Washington family when Jane died on November 24th, 1728. Two years later, Augustine married Marry Ball who was the daughter to Colonel Ball. They both had a total of six children consisting of 4 sons and 2 daughters. Their first born together was Geor ge who came into the world on February 22nd in 1732. Following after the were, Samuel, John Augustine, Charles, Elizabeth, and Mildred. Painfully, another infant death occurred with the youngest Mildred. After George was born, it wasnt long until his father moved one more. It was the town Fredericksburg where most Georges childhood would lie. In the meadows by his house, George would play in his playground. As he matured, George went on to school. His education was the best that the neighborhood he lived in could offer. His older brother Lawrence received his education In England. George looked up to Lawrence because of his radiance of manliness and manners (Irving 34). Later, Lawrence was given the duty to be a captain of a new regiment. Many believe that George learned to be a great leader from Lawrence. He watched him go to war, it wasnt soon after where his curiosity took a turn to the military. He made soldiers of his schoolmates; they had their mimic parades, reviews, and sham fights; a boy named William Bustle was sometimes his competitor, but George was commander-in-chief of Hobbys school(Irving 36). By the age eleven, Georges father died on April 12th in 1743. After the death of his father, Lawrence inherited land on Mount Vernon. Lawrence then married the Daughter of William Fairfax, who was a close neighbor of theirs. At the age of sixteen, Williams cousin offered George a surveying job (Thayer 15). George took that job and was taught a life lesson, it toughened his courage and self-reliance. Throughout surveying, George wrote journal entries. Learning to survey had a long-lasting effect that lasted for the rest of his life. Washington soon joined the navy. Then all of a sudden, his brother Lawrence came down with a sickness which caused him to move to a more suitable place. George was going to go with him but he was commissioned as a General of Virginia. His rank was a major with the pay of 150 euros a year (Thayer 6). Soon after, George was sent home for about six weeks. William Thayer, the author of George Washington claims, George fell ill of a very strong case of smallpox (Thayer 12). Thayer also said that the disease left a long-lasting effect which will remind him for the rest of his life. Smallpox left scars on his face that changed the way he looked. Lucky, George was strong enough to pass through this sickness, unlike his brother who died of tuberculosis in 1752. Now a ll the estate on Mount Vernon was given to George to take care of. Soon after his brothers death, the governor of Virginia, who was governor Dinwiddie, wanted George Washington to lead men on a dangerous and important mission along the Ohio River. At this time, George was only 22 Years old (Courtenay 20). George set out this mission with Jacob Braam and Cristopher Gist, who was the navigator. Georges mission was to message a warning to the French commander and win over the Indians friendship so he can overtake the land. The French commander responded that he will wait for orders from the governor in Quebec. It was late December when the French commander proposed his message. After receiving the message, George and his crew began to head back to the homeland through the unexplored land. Early in the year 1754, George finally got to governor Dinwiddle with the message proposed by the French commander. Dinwiddie was disappointed in the result and urged the legislator of Virginia to sen d stronger troops to capture the French fort (Thayer 12). As the years pass, England sent you thousands of soldiers and their general, Braddock. George became a member of General Braddocks troop in the French and Indian war. It was skeptical because Braddock did not have any knowledge of the American ways in warfare. Braddock though George was too young to lead and provide no attention to his suggestions (Courtenay 31). In early July Braddock, George and their troops traveled to Fort Duquesne, which is now present-day Pittsburgh. Not taking Georges advice, Braddock continued to meet the French and Native Americans. According to John Marshall the author of The life of George Washington, he states that Braddock was fatally wounded, after having four horses shot under him (Marshall 521). After being fatally wounded, Braddock apologized to George for not taking his advice. It was four days later when Braddock died.

Cultural Diversity in the Health Care Setting Essay

Cultural Diversity in the Health Care Setting Cultural diversity in the health care setting is increasing each year. Knowing how to care for patients of different religious and spiritual faiths is essential to providing high-quality, patient-centered care. The author of this paper will research three lesser-known religions; Taoism, Sikhism and Shamanism. Through this paper, she will provide a brief background on each of the three religions and present information regarding spiritual perspectives on healing, critical components of healing and health care considerations associated with each religion. Taoism Taoism is an ancient Chinese religion dating back to the sixth century. The basic foundation of Taoism is a life philosophy and method†¦show more content†¦The first is qigong which is a health practice that utilizes body movement, breathing techniques and mental focus to assist in healing, relaxation and reconnecting (Winn, 2009). Next is that art of meditation. Meditation is an important element in the Tao religion. Many Taoists practice meditation to achieve mental serenity and heighten mental awareness. There are also various forms of exercise, such as yoga and Tai Chi, and therapies, acupuncture and moxibustion, which Taoists use to restore balance within the body and achieve healing. Health Care Considerations When caring for Taoist’s patients, the most important thing to remember is their need to restore balance. For them, this may not be achieved through traditional medical practice; however, this does not mean that we should do nothing. Taoists do not believe in artificial or arbitrary healing. Healing must be natural and spontaneous (Tai, 2009). If we try to force medical treatments on them, it may in turn do more harm than good and cause great suffering. Taoists see artificial treatment as a source of evil; however, if the treatment follows the flow of Tao, it is regarded as natural and therefore allowed (Tai, 2009). For example, if a Taoist patient is in need of mechanical ventilation to sustain life, it is no longer natural. The only way to natural care for that patient, without disrupting the Tao, is to provide palliative care and ultimately let theShow MoreRelatedAddressing Cultural Competence For Improving Healthcare Quality1605 Words   |  7 PagesAddressing Cultural Competence for Improving Healthcare Quality Improving diversity in health care setting is important in patient care. Cultural competence is approach to enhancing healthcare delivery that has been promoted broadly in recent years. 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Prison Overcrowding Free Essays

â€Å"Overcrowding in Americas Prison System† ABSTRACT In the early years of this country flogging, exile, branding, and the â€Å"stocks† were some of the ways used to punish a guilty offender. Today, though, these types of punishments would quickly be labeled as cruel and unusual forms of retribution. Since we can no longer utilize such forms of punishment, the criminal justice system has turned to; imprisonment, probation, fines, and even the death penalty to help and deter offenders from a life of crime. We will write a custom essay sample on Prison Overcrowding or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the prison population continues to rise in this country health and safety questions rise as well. Not only for the prisoner but for also for the guards that are there to watch over and protect the inmates. It is time to ask some very important questions regarding sentencing alternatives including; â€Å"Do we rely too much on the prison system†, â€Å"Are there better ways to punish some crimes? † and probably most importantly, â€Å"Does prison truly act as a deterrent to crime? † The Bureau of Justice’s statistics in the recent years have shown a dramatic increase in the prison population which has led to a large amount of United States prisons being overcrowded. State prisons, on the average, are 16 percent over their capacity with Federal prisons holding an average of 38 percent more inmates than their original construction capacity. (Bureau of Justice) Overcrowding, though, is just part of the problem. Many of the prisons in America today are rundown and substandard. Inadequate security is also an issue, often times lacking the personnel to keep the inmates safe from assaults and other violations. For years, it has been the belief of the American public, politicians, and criminal justice authorities that crime rates in this country were just too large. It has also been the general consensus that in order to stop the rising crime rates, there had to be a great push in the severity of sentencing in the courtroom. Mostly this was done by way of utilizing the maximum sentence for a crime in hopes of deterring others and decreasing the amount of recidivism. One other method was to impose a minimum sentence for certain nonviolent crimes including; driving while intoxicated, drug offenses, child molestation, spousal abuse, and sexual assault. â€Å"Over the past three decades, the United States has built the world’s largest prison system. This system is ten times larger today than it was in the mid-1970s. † (Lynch, 2007)As America’s prison population has grown there has been a lot of debate on whether or not prison is working. Arguably, all intents and purposes of a prison system are to deter crime. The hopes of our criminal justice system, all of its judges, lawyers, and even the American people is that either someone will not commit an offense with fear of going to prison or that if they do, they will not do it again once they have stepped foot inside a correctional institution. Is this the case? Do prisons in fact act as deterrents and reduce crime rates? Lynch goes on his book after a review of several studies on the effects of prison as a deterrent to say, â€Å"While sentencing reforms seemed to reduce crime, they did so only by substantially increasing the size of the incarcerated population. In light of this observation, and in an effort to avoid the problem of extensive prison growth, the use of selective incapacitation strategies that carefully target specific kinds of offenders may be of the more benefit. (Lynch, 2007) Michael Jacobson is a former Commissioner of Probation for the City of New York, appointed by Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, supports the fact that the use of prisons may not be the deterrent we have been hoping for and is best suited for the most violent of offender. In his book, â€Å"Downsizing Prisons: How to Reduce Crime and End Mass Incarceration† Jacobson explains; After all is said and done, the number of people in the U. S. jails and prisons-almost 2. 2 million at the time of this writing-reflects a public policy gone mad. Prisons and especially long prison sentences should be reserved for the most violent among us. There is no need to lock away for years hundreds of thousands of nonviolent drug offenders or to keep people in prison well past their crime-committing years, effectively turning some prisons into the equivalent of secure nursing homes. (Jacobson, 2005) It is easy to see that the use of harsh sentencing guidelines does not necessarily have the effect that it once was thought to have. Not only that ut now we are using and already overcrowded prison system to punish minor crimes and to house parole violators. What is the cost of such action? The answer simply put? Way to high. Over the years, the costs of running a prison have increased dramatically. Today, it can cost well over $75,000 to build a single cell and over $25,000 to house a prisoner for a year. Let’s put this in an even better prospective by saying that, in today’s society, it could cost well over $330 million to bu ild and run a 500 cell prison over a period of 30 years. If a state struggling to run a prison has to obtain money, where does it come from? More and more states are starting to shift funds from their higher education departments. If states are taking money away from schools to fund prisons, it may be time for a change. There has to be to reduce the American criminal justice system’s use of prison. Community corrections legislators believe that there are several alternatives to prison from which the court can choose from. One of the most popular types of intermediate sanctions is, of course, probation. Probation is used in lieu of incarceration and affords the offender the ability to be supervised in their community by a probation officer who works as an agent of the court. Other types come in the form of; house arrest, electronic monitoring, shock probation (boot camps), intensive supervision, day-reporting centers, community service, fines, restitution, and forfeiture. To make intermediate sanctions work and to decrease the reliability on the prison system, there has to be a change in the sentencing guidelines for some crimes. We can no longer look to prison to punish every crime that an offender may commit. Drug offenses, theft related crimes, driving while intoxicated, parole violations, and other nonviolent crimes need to be handled in the community with a combination of the intermediate sanctions mentioned earlier. Michael Tonry, in his book, â€Å"Intermediate Sanctions in Sentencing Guidelines† supports this conclusion, â€Å"For offenders who do not present unacceptable risks of violence, well-managed intermediate sanctions offer a cost-effective way to keep them in the community at less cost than imprisonment and with no worse later prospect for criminality. † (Tonry, 1998) While prison has been leaned on for many years as a way to deter crime and to punish offenders of the American criminal justice system, the increase reliability has led to a very dangerous and expensive prison system. Overcrowding has led to violence, health concerns, and substandard prison conditions. It is now time that we look to other means to punish offenders who are not a great threat to society. Through the use of intermediate sanctions, I believe that America can lower its prison population while at the same time punish offenders of state and federal laws. Bibliography Anderson, D. 1998). Sensible Justice: Alternaives to Prison. New Press. Bureau of Justice. (n. d. ). Bureau of Justice. Retrieved 03 09, 2011, from www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs Jacobson, M. (2005). Downsizing Prisons: How to Reduce Crime and End Mass Incarceration. NYU Press. Jusitce, B. o. (2010). Bureau of Justice. Lynch, M. (2007). Big, Prisons, Big Dreams: Crime and the Failure of America’s Penal System. Rutgers University Press. Paulus, P. (1988). Prison Overcrowding: A Psychological Perspective. Springer-Verlag. Tonry, M. (1998). Intermediate Sanctions in Sentencing Guidelines. Oxford University Press. . How to cite Prison Overcrowding, Essay examples Prison Overcrowding Free Essays Nowadays, overcrowding in prisons has become a serious concern in the United States, especially in California where there is not enough space for the increasing inmate population. And according to the most recent statistics from Californians Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, the state gives a bigger budget to prisons than any other state. With annual spending of about nine billion dollars and forty-five thousand dollars per inmate, California obviously pumps more money on prisons than higher education. We will write a custom essay sample on Prison Overcrowding or any similar topic only for you Order Now On average, murderers and violent criminals are jailed from four years up to twenty-five years. The more time they serve in Jail, the more money the state has to spend. Hence, in order to solve the prison overcrowding problem and save a lot of money, some solutions have been executed such as increasing prison capacity, restitution, or house arrest, but they have not worked so far. There is a better way that may work. That is setting up battle arenas in prisons and authorizing inmates to beat each other to death. The prize for the survivor is the immediate freedom and a certain sum of money. Thereby, we not only avoid prison overcrowding, but also cut prison budgets. It seems like an outrageous idea, but at least it would work because inmates have nothing to lose; thus, they are highly motivated to fight for their freedom. After all, there are three reasons why this cruel solution should be implemented. Firstly, by allowing prisoners to kill each other, every prisoner dies, it immediately decreases forty-five thousand dollars of the prison annual budget. If we had lessened the number of prisoners, we could have stopped deeding them and building new Jails. Through a simple computation, we will get almost five million dollars if one thousand criminals die per year. We could use the saved money to build more supportive housing for people in need, support returning veterans, open more public transportation, and spend more money on subsidies for higher education. Secondly, according to Bureau of Justice Statistics of the US Department of Justice, there is seventy percent of felony defendants repeating their prior crimes. For this reason, inmates, who can’t survive in their fight, have no more Hansen to do their crimes again. Innocent people would be safer. The losses of family members caused by crimes would be reduced. Thirdly, prisons now look like a battlefield, and inmates fight to die, the entertainment organizations could take advantage of this to make the reality TV shows about life in prisons. This would attract not only Americans, but also other foreign countries. Because most people, especially those are under fifty, want to see violent scenes. Indeed, ninety percent of movies and sixty percent of TV shows today show depictions of violence (Nor, 1). For example, WE, a fighting show, has twenty million viewers in a single week. Nevertheless, WE is still staged by actors who are called superstars. On the other hand, we have real fighters in prisons, and they will try their best to fight for their life. Everything happening in prisons are real, and people would even love watching it more than WE for its reality and brutality. As many people watch these prison shows, it would increase the nation’s economy because people will spend money to see them. With all mentioned above, this is one of the best solutions for the prison overcrowding problem at the moment. How to cite Prison Overcrowding, Papers Prison Overcrowding Free Essays This paper will discuss prison overcrowding and what type of numbers have come about over the years when it comes to inmates being imprisoned. It will discuss the cost of a prisoner annually as well as the decision to add verses build when it comes to new facilities. The overcrowding in one particular prison will be touched on as well as whose responsibility it is for upkeep. We will write a custom essay sample on Prison Overcrowding or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will discuss how funding plays a role in overcrowding as well as the â€Å"three strikes† rule in California and how big of an impact it has made on the prison system.Lastly, society’s choice to vote will be touched on as how large of a determining factor it is in overcrowding prisons. State and Federal Prisons housed approximately 1. 3 million inmates in the year 2000, not to mention the jails had an estimate of 600,000 as well. Ten years previous the prisons housed 700,000 inmates and jails were at about 400,000. At that rate, the population of people being incarcerated almost doubled from 1. 1 million to 1. 9 million inmates. The last count in 2008 jumped again to an astonishing 2. million imprisoned within the country (Diiulio, Jr. , J. , 2010, March). Factors that contribute to prison and jail overcrowding is that so many people are incarcerated each year, funding, upkeep of a facility, the three strikes rule and tax payers are unwilling to pass levees. One of the largest reasons prisons are overcrowded today is that it is reported that one out of every 99. 1 adults are currently in prison or jail. This is the largest number in nation’s history and seven times the inmate rate from 1973.Amazingly ninety-five percent of prisoners are released back into communities to continue living their lives. They are not thrown to the wolves; they are released â€Å"with a basic education, job training and preparation, improved pro-social pattern of thinking, adequate life/social skills, and a lowered risk for substance abuse, anger and self esteem issues† (Boehm, D. P. , Lampert, R. O. , 2008, October). If an inmate needs continued treatment once released, they are provided the assistance and resources to make the transition as successful as possible.Even when a prisoner was on a psychotic medication when released they are hooked up with a regional mental health and substance abuse center to make their reentry as flourishing (Boehm, D. P. , Lampert, R. O. , 2008, October). At 157 percent capacity, San Quintin State Prison, a maximum security prison is no doubt overcrowded and it costs about $49,000 each year for an adult inmate to be housed in the San Quintin State Prison (Sterngold, J. , 2008, July/August). Taxpayers are unwilling to pass levees to build facilities to house prisoners which lead to an overcrowding prison. The criminal justice system needs to have stronger sentences for crimes to deter people from offending to begin with and not release inmates early due to overcrowding. Inmates are being released early because there are not enough beds to hold all of the criminals. In the end it leads to a higher crime rate because the inmate’s count of being released early and they are not being reformed. A way to reduce funding problems is to have inmates take care of their own facilities like they would their homes.Cleaning supplies can be handed to the inmates and it can be their job to clean the showers. It should not be the responsibility of the prison staff to keep the facility clean, the inmates should be given duties and be held accountable or forced to live in the conditions they allow for themselves. Funds should not be taken from the taxpayers to pay someone to clean up after the inmates, the taxpayers’ funds could be used for security and building to prevent additional overc rowding. The problem with many jails and prisons today is the upkeep.Most facilities today do not have the funding to build a brand new facility but what needs to happen is to make the additions and upgrades more efficient. Replacing a furnace or air conditioning system for a place a huge as a prison could be extremely time consuming and expensive especially if the newer model is not the most efficient and then has to be replaced again and again prematurely. The best way to spend the taxpayers’ money is to buy the most energy efficient and best model and not replace it as often. As the age old saying, â€Å"you get what you pay for. The same goes for other materials when doing an addition or fixing an existing structure, the administrators need to take the time to research and see what the best materials are for longevity and spend money wisely (Lucas, R. , 2009, November/December). As Robert Lucas (2009) said, â€Å"Money spent well at the beginning of a project may save the facility from spending more in the future. † Like California, many other states have the â€Å"three strikes† rule and one of every nine of the inmates who are on their third strike get 25 to life sentence (Haerens, M. , 2010, May 15). This rule contributes to the vercrowding issue which an individual is taking up more space in jails and prisons. For example, if a person is charged three times with felony drug trafficking and is convicted that would be the third offence and would serve twenty-five year to life in jail. A violent offender, like a murderer, could that the place of that individual and rot in jail and make the community safer, it is the lesser of two evils. There are many factors that contribute to prison and jail overcrowding, funding, upkeep, three strikes rule, taxpayers not wanting to pass levees and the fact that so many people each year are incarcerated. Funding can be redirected if the upgrades were made more efficiently around the prisons. To help save money, inmates can do daily duties and have responsibilities around the prison and jail grounds. The three strikes rule needs to be revised to focus on violent crimes. Tax payers need to stop complaining about criminals in the community unless they are willing to pass the levees to build jails and prisons to lessen the likelihood of overcrowding.References Boehm, D. P. , Lampert, R. O. (2008, October). Thinking Outside the Cell: Expanding Safety and Security Beyond the Perimeter. Corrections Today, 70 (5). p. 4-61, Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Resource Center. Diiulio, Jr. , J. (2010, March). Prison Breakout. America,202 (6). p. 11, Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Resource Center. Haerens, M. (2010, May 15). California’s â€Å"Three Strikes† Law Is Fair. † Opposing Viewpoints: Mandatory Minimum Sentencing. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, Retrieved from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Lucas, R. (2009, November/December). To Build or Not To Build? American Jails,23 (5). p. 493, Retrieved from Criminal Justice Periodicals Index Resource Center. Sterngold, J. (2008, July/August). Worst of the Worst. Mother Jones, 33 (4). How to cite Prison Overcrowding, Papers

Making assignment writing efficient through smartphone apps - Technological advancements have transformed

Technological advancements have transformed the lives of every individual throughout the world because it has made innovation possible in countless ways. In every field and industry, technology has become an essential part of the process without which no economic agent can survive. Technological advancements can include any equipment, process or invention that boosts productivity and makes life easier including but not limited to construction machinery, agricultural processes, gadgets like laptops and tablet PCs, software and smartphone apps. Without such advancements, world would not have been such a great place to live in. Education sector is a prominent industry that transformed the ways teachers teach and students learn. Efficient learning has been made possible because of these technological advancements and students claim that they are able to learn relatively faster than before when I used to write my assignment during college due to the improved methods and inventions. Professors also find it easier to deliver their content to hundreds of students altogether using technology and they also agree to the fact that technology is required in the education sector to maximize efficiency in learning. Why would efficient methods of doing an assignment help you as a student in the first place? Following are some of the most common reasons that students suggest: Gives them more time: One of the major struggles of college students is the scarcity of time due to which they panic at the eleventh hour when deadlines are near. Therefore, they try all the possible ways that can allow them more time to spend on assignments and essays assigned to them. One of the ways is by making assignment writing effective due to which you will be able to complete the given tasks on time and spend the saved time on other tasks. So they need to become efficient in the writing process. Avoid missing deadlines: Another reason is that students often tend to miss deadlines either because they forget to submit the task or omit it on purpose as they are not able to complete it. Using technological ways of doing an assignment can avoid you from facing any such issues and you will not miss deadlines again. Accuracy and convenience: The third reason that students state for why technological advancements are a blessing is that it makes assignment writing very convenient for them. Also, human error is possible when proofreading content but accuracy can be achieved using the help of technology. With these avoidances, students believe that they should adopt every possible strategy that makes assignment writing efficient. Following are some of the best smartphone apps that can help you complete your assignments in the most efficient manner: Documents on iOS: If you are an Apple user, this app can be of great use for you because students usually need to save a lot of files on dropbox and other cloud drives. Extracting them again and again from their locations is quite inconvenient and may take up a lot of your time so Documents can compile and save them in one place. You can then conveniently access each file from one place instead of opening every location where that file was originally saved. Also, the app is available for free! Wunderlist making lives easier: There are very few apps that fulfill a number of requirements of the students and Wunderlist is one of them. Available on Android, iOS, OS X and Windows, Wunderlist allows students to create multiple lists of tasks, set as many reminders as they want and connect their account with other Wunderlist users to collaborate with them on any projects. This kind of a multitasking app is very useful to become efficient as you can set deadline reminders for assignment, plan the assignment and discuss with group members all at one place with convenience. Wolfram Alpha the most popular? A survey revealed that a majority of students use Wolfram Alpha for various purposes. From math geeks to scientists and music lovers, Wolfram alpha is a complete source of exploration where you can find solution to almost every academic problem. It is usually required to solve mathematical problems because it reveals complete step-by-step solutions and is also used to extract statistical data by Economists.The best part about Wolfram Alpha is that despite being so useful and resourceful, students can download it for free on iOS and Android operating system both. It had been very convenient at times when I used to write my assignment because I used to get a lot of information and statistical data from Wolfram Alpha. RefMe is the revolutionized way of citing books: Despite the fact that majority of students prefer conducting research online and using e-books, there are instances when books have to be used. Since citing sources is important, students can do that in the desired style automatically using online tools but when it comes to books, RefMe can help. By just scanning the bar code using phone’s camera, it can cite the book for you in whatever citation style you want. Again, the app is free and is available for a vast majority using either iOS or Android phones. Scanner Pro for advanced level students: There is a frequent need to scan papers for various purposes and Scanner Pro is exactly what students need at that time. Available only for iPhone users, Scanner Pro allows conversion of picture taken from camera to be converted to PDF or JPEG instantly. The final result is so accurate that it is impossible to tell if a real scanner has been used or not. However, you will have to buy the app but the benefits are worth paying for if you are one of those who need to save or send scanned documents on urgent basis quite frequently. With these apps, you can easily make your assignment writing process efficient and ensure that you ace every assignment and follow the deadlines.

Role of Law essays

Role of Law essays Over time man has evolved from an uncivilized primates to a technological driven working machine, but that evolution could not have occurred without law. Law gives the backbone a society needs to flourish in a civilized and more or less positive way. Although laws in most societies are not perfect, they keep society members in check and prevent chaos from running amok. In this paper the six major roles and functions of law will be discussed including peacekeeping, checking government power, facilitating planning, promoting economic growth, promoting social justice, and finally protecting the environment. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, Peacekeeping is the centerpiece of law through criminal and civil law branches. When people think of law they typically think of the criminal case side, which has the government as the prosecutor and another entity as the defendant. It involves the defendant being charged with breaking a law predefined by the controlling society. This is an important part of law, as the society must provide a safe environment for its citizens, so those found breaking accepted laws of the society must be punished accordingly. Without this process citizens would be overly concerned (quite possibly warranted) about their personal safety or the safety of their business. The civil section of peacekeeping is a conflict between two private citizens, whereas the citizens can be businesses or people. The citizens can use the court forum to settle disputes that they cannot overcome without intervention. Although these disputes may not be violent in context it is still a method of peacekeeping that would not be possible without law. Checking governmental power is a complicated yet important matter for law. Lord Acton had it right when he said, Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely and keeping that in mind a society must have checks and balances on its l ...

Why social recruiting is the next big thing for recruiters

Why social recruiting is the next big thing for recruiters When you think about what’s changed the job search more than anything else over the past 10 years or so, it’s probably the exponentially growing influence of social media. Job seekers have learned to be more cautious about what they post online (at least they should be), and it’s opened up a whole new pool of recruitment potential for employers. To a certain extent, companies still follow the old recruitment model- put out a job opportunity and the response will include a number of qualified candidates. But more and more, organizations are looking to take advantage of the organic networking of social media to boost their recruiting.This focus on outreach to potential candidates via social platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook, or Twitter is known as â€Å"social recruiting.† This isn’t just posting job ads on sites and hoping for the best- social recruiting is a proactive method for reaching new candidates by searching for profiles with specific qualiti es, interacting with potential candidates on the platform, and letting people know about specific job opportunities. This is a huge growth area for hiring companies and recruiters- in fact, nearly 60% of recruiters rated candidates that came in through social recruiting as â€Å"highest quality,† according to a JobVite survey.So why should companies consider embracing this trend more fully?It’s cost-effectiveJob advertisements are getting more expensive all the time, and the results can be†¦mixed. Social recruiting gives recruiters more control over the talent pool and more visibility into the talent available. Unlike advertising, associated costs (if there are any) are minimal.The right platform can yield great resultsThere are obvious places to start (like  LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook), but more specialized platforms can really step up your recruiting game. For example, if you’re looking for a designer, you might want to try Instagram or other visua lly-oriented social media platforms.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});It’s an update on word-of-mouth hiringReferrals are a time-honored way to bring in good candidates for a particular job- someone who knows what’s required of the job (an employee or colleague) refers someone he or she knows who might be a good fit. The â€Å"insider track† helps narrow the field, but it also yields high-quality results. Plus, the eventual turnover rate is lower, as referred employees have a turnover rate of about 13%, versus 19% for employees hired through more traditional recruitment channels. The difference here is that the â€Å"referrer† is the candidate’s publicly searchable information.It reflects the changing workforceThe early adopters of social media, Millennials, are now the largest segment of the American workforce. Social recruiting signals a willingness to meet these potential employees on their own terms in an incre asingly digital landscape. Facebook is currently the most popular platform among this group, but developing a strong social recruiting platform now means being able to adjust to whatever social networks come next.It makes recruiting more active, less passiveBeing able to reach out directly to potential candidates is an advantage. Job seekers spend a lot of time and energy building and refining their online presence in the hopes of getting that next big opportunity. Companies who go looking for candidates are able to find these savvier, well-prepared candidates faster and more efficiently, rather than waiting for them to come through a traditional pipeline.Social recruiting is the wave of the future because it makes sense for recruiters who want to find the best candidates while making the most of their recruitment resources. It’s an opportunity for people on both sides (job seekers and job fillers) to work together to make the hiring process a better, more informed propositio n for everyone involved.

Drugs used in ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure Essay

Drugs used in ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure - Essay Example Along with beta blockers, ACE inhibitors can also be used since they retard progression of coronary artery disease. These drugs act by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme which decreases the production of angiotensin II. They must be used in caution while using with other drugs because of their potential to increase potassium levels. Statins are used to control hypercholesterolemia. These include atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin and fluvastatin. Their use leads to significant improvement in endothelium-dependent dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries in patients with hyperlipidemia. They also have the advantage of stabilizing atheromatous plaques in coronary arteries and may even contribute to regression of coronary atherosclerosis (Zevitz, 2006). The cornerstone of medical treatment in both patients with symptomatic and those with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia is antianginal medications. The drugs which fall in to this category include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, felodipine, and amlodipine, and nitrates. These drugs act by increasing blood supply into the coronary arteries. Long-acting nitrates are effective in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and are frequently used in combination with both beta-blockers and calcium channel antagonists. Short-acting nitroglycerin is the agent of choice in the treatment of acute symptomatic myocardial ischemia (Zevitz, 2006). The antiplatelet drugs which may be used are aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, or dipyridamole. Of these, aspirin is most effective in reducing risk for MI. These drugs act by decreasing platelet aggregation and inhibiting thrombus formation. They are effective in the arterial circulation, where anticoagulants have little effect. The goal of pharmacotherapy in CCF is to achieve a PCWP of 15-18 mm Hg and a cardiac index >2.2 L/min/m2, while maintaining adequate blood pressure and perfusion to

Ethical theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical theories - Essay Example In this regard, practitioners are not supposed to give up on a patient unless all the treatment fails. There arises a dilemma on what to do when the patient is not responding to treatment. The ethical dilemma arises on whether to terminate treatment or allow the patient to suffer under futile treatment. Relegating treatment may be a sign of condemning the patient to death while treatment might be painful and of no importance. Thus, the most appropriate decision should be made. Bioethics principles can be used to chart a way forward in case of a futile treatment dilemma. The principles include autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. The autonomy principle states that conscious patients have a choice to decide termination or continuity of futile treatment. The beneficence principle asserts that medical practitioners must do anything possible to alienate suffering from the patient. The non-maleficence principle explains that nurses should check all procedures to ensure that patients do not suffer from intentional errors and omissions. The justice principle asserts that patients have equal rights to benefit from treatment; new or current. From the principles, the medical practitioners can choose a course of action depending on the

Malicious Babo of Benito Cereno by Melville Essay -- Benito Cereno

Malicious Babo Benito Cereno is a short novel written by Melville, with a surprise ending. At least it was quite a surprise that Babo, the negro servant of Cereno, ends up being the one in charge of the ship. Babo fought for his freedom, which is good, but Babo went above and beyond the means necessary to get his freedom. Along with that he has much more serious problems with himself. Here are some ways to see it. There are two ways to look at what Babo did. When he was fighting for his freedom he was either fighting for his life or for his quality of life. Babo was fighting for a cause that is unjustifiable after the actions that he committed. Babo was fighting for his quality of life and what Babo did to improve his quality of life was terrible and with malicious intent. Yet, there is always another side to an argument so first I will show the way Babo could be seen as a symbol of good. These concepts, life versus quality of life and how Babo is seen as both good and evil, I will clarify in the paragraphs that follow. Babo could be considered a good leader Babo could also be considered a genius Another good quality of Babo is his will to live Fighting for your life is when you are in danger of losing your life. Babo was never in danger of losing his life before he took over Cerenos' ship. Babo didn't like the situation that he was in. So yes, do something about being a slave but there is no need to kill anyone. Babo could have remained on the ship, been sold into slavery and then reposes his freedom much like how Fredrick Douglass attained his. Fredrick Douglass got out of slavery without a single life lost. If Babo had done what he was told to do, Babos' head wouldn't be on a stick right now. Babo would b... ... to steal his ship. Another trait of Babo is that he is a selfish human being. He tries to get what he wants all the time. Babo forces his way of thinking onto his fellow slaves by telling them what to do. If you put these qualities together in one person you will get something bad. Actually to be specific you will get an unethical, dictating liar that rules in such a way that he will get the most personal gain. In conclusion, Babos' actions can speak for themselves. He took fighting for his life over the top, to the point where he became a malicious, gruesome, savage beast that fought to improve his life without taking into consideration the lives of others. He was willing to stop at nothing to get what he wanted. This included murdering and stealing his way to the top where he thought nobody would be able to stop him. I think Babo is where he needs to be.

Foreign Policy Analysis : Compare and Contrast Nigeria’s Relationship with the U.S.A. Essay

INTRODUCTION: A country’s foreign policy is a set of goals outlining how the country will interact with other countries economically, politically, socially and militarily, and to a lesser extent how the country will interact with non-state actors. The aforementioned interaction is evaluated and monitored in attempts to maximize benefits of multi-lateral international cooperation. Foreign policies are desired to help project a country’s national interest, national security ideological goals and economic prosperity. This can occur as a result of peaceful cooperation with other nations or even through exploitation. Foreign policy analysis is the systematic study of and research into the processes and theories of foreign policy. This paper seeks to evaluate the relationship (economic and military) that has existed between Nigeria and the United States of America. (U.S.A) in two very different epochs. (1960-1966), post independence, and between 1999- 2003, the immediate democratic era after a lengthy post-military  interregnum. The paper shall consist of an introduction and segments on conceptual clarifications, theoretical framework, X-ray of topic under study, and the conclusion drawn from the study shall also be presented. CONCEPTUAL CLARIFICATION International Relations: Rossenau, (1961). Views international relations as the study of the transactions, contacts, flows of information between and among separately organized nation state. Holsti, (1972). Defines international relations to encompass all forms of interaction between the members of distinct societies. Adeniran, (1983). submits that international relations is an area of study which focuses on the political, economic and other interactions among international actors and the inter-state systems. Economic relations: is a relationship between two or more states that revolves around the promotion, exchange of finance, industry and general trading activities. Military relations: A military is an organization authorized by its nation to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or perceived threats. The military is made up of a force or forces with a capability to execute national defense policy. Military relations deal with the interaction between and among nation states to enhance capability development especially as it affects the strategic, operational, logistic and tactical requirements their military forces. Military relations are characterized by the exchange of combat arms and support services. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The theoretical framework within which this study shall be conducted, is the decision making approach. The theory focuses attention on the processes of public decision making. A political action has the character of a decision taken by some actors in a specific situation through a particular process. Political actions can be understood by referring to the person who took the decision and the inter-active processes by which the decision was reached. While following the decision making approach, the political scientist has to encounter a complex set of social psychological and institutional processes. Hence, this approach has to draw on several concepts developed in sociology, social psychology and psychology. Mahajan, (2000:39). The decision making approach has two fundamental purposes one is the identification of â€Å"crucial structures† in the political realm where changes take place, where decisions are made, where actions are initiated and carried out. While, the other is a systematic analysis of the decision making behaviour which leads to action. In other words, the decision approach focuses inquiry on actors called decision makers and on the state defined as the decision unit. Hence, the actions of the state are seen through the actions of the decision makers. The crux here is that if a sufficient knowledge of the behaviour and activities of the known actors is established, it can lay the foundation for the explanation of a decision. Okere, (2000:115) NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY OBJECTIVES Foreign policy objectives are built upon some general principles or national interests which is embodied in the nation’s constitution. Foreign policy objectives of any nation can be classified into a trinity of military strategic, political/diplomatic and economic/cultural imperatives. In the first republic, (1960-1966) which constitutes a part of this study’s focal point the principal objectives that guided Nigeria’s foreign policy, were enunciated by sir, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa the first prime minister of Nigeria, to include among others; -Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other states. -Non-interference in the internal affairs of other states. -The promotion of functional cooperation among African states. Chapter II, sub section 19 of the 1999 constitution outlines the foreign policy objectives of Nigeria between 1999-2003. Which constitutes the second leg of the study’s time frame. What is however certain is that under the two different epochs that Nigeria’s foreign policy is to be subjected to scrutiny by this study, the principal objective of the foreign policy has been to promote and protect the country’s national interest in its interactions and relationships with specific countries in the international system. (Abdullahi: 2004). NIGERIA-AMERICA RELATIONS: Motives for Collaboration President Kennedy once noted that: â€Å"Every nation determines its policies in term of its own interest† The traditional American foreign policy encompasses both moral idealism and raw self-interests. The United States’ primary interest in relation to Nigeria is oil. As a voracious consumer of the country’s â€Å"sweet† (i.e., low-sulfur) petroleum, America recognizes Nigeria’s worth as the largest oil producer in Africa and the fifth largest in the OPEC. Nigeria has been one of the largest exporters of crude oil to the United States. American companies such as shell, Exxon Mobil, and Chevron have substantial investments in the lucrative Nigerian oil industry, which, along with other Western oil companies, they dominate. Nigeria led a peacekeeping mission as part of the Economic Community of West Africa States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) that helped to stabilize long-time U.S. allies Liberia and Sierra Leone. A third U.S. interest is the maintenance of America cultural-historical linkages to the country of Nigeria. A great number of Americans trace their roots to Africa. Many of those Americans, including entertainer-scholar Paul b. Robeson (1898-1976), trace those origins to Nigeria. Last, but certainly not least, America needs Nigeria’s help in its campaign against international drug trafficking. The economic hardships in Nigeria, resulted in the emergence of a significant drug-dependent culture and in the conversion of Nigerian borders into a major route for the trafficking of cocaine and heroin into the United States. The United States also looks to Nigeria to help reduce the number of Americans victimized by the offer of Nigerian business opportunities that are â€Å"too good to be true.† according to one estimate, â€Å"Americans lose $2 billion annually to white [collar] crime syndicates based in Nigeria.† Nigeria sees in the United States a steady buyer of its oil. Although Nigeria’s share of the U.S. market has fluctuated over the years, the United States remains a primary purchaser of Nigerian crude oil. Second, Nigeria values political ties with America. The United States is one of the most powerful countries in the world, and the two countries share similar demographic features such as ethnic, economic, and religious complexities. Nigeria relies on these political connections as it experiments with a presidential style of government. Third, like many developing countries, Nigeria seeks to tap into America â€Å"technological capabilities† for its manpower development needs. Tens of thousands of Nigerians have flocked to the United States in search of higher education. Nigeria will maximize the benefit of its relationship with the United States by identifying and exploiting the points at which the two nations’ interests overlap. Nigeria and U.S. interests converge with respect to the purchase and sale of crude oil and the necessity of maintaining cordial political relations. (Aka, 2005) It should be noted that in the period under review, (1960-1966), it was the prime minister that maintained a near monopoly of control over the country’s foreign policy (Aluko, 1977). For Nigeria on the other hand, there was a compelling need to industrialize the economy and modernize agriculture immediately after independence. To achieve this objectives, the country would require foreign aid and the diversification of the country’s overseas market – America was one of the countries she looked up to for the injection of the required capital to f und her development plans. NIGERIA UNITED STATES’ RELATIONS (1960-1966) For centuries, United States foreign policy has been outwardly characterized by its diplomatic and economic encouragement of fledging democracies around the world. In particular, the nations of Africa and particularly Nigeria are seen to benefit from America’s idealistic foreign Agenda. (Aka, 2005). It should however be noted that few foreign political actions are based entirely in good will; they are more often rooted in prudence and rationality. Although promoting democracy may, as was earlier stated, be a sufficient national interest in and of itself, such idealistic abstraction is usually augmented by more concrete or material considerations. This is certainly true for the United States’ interest in relations with Nigeria. (Aka, 2005). There are a plethora of cultural, historical and political reasons why Nigeria has been important to the U.S. These range form population, oil, resource and strategic military importance. Nigeria’s colonial history left behind external economic relations policy that was closely linked with the west. This continued to have profound impact on the country’s external behaviour even after independence on 1st October, 1960 (Aluko, 1977). Therefore, The Nigerian foreign policy between 1960 – 1966 was politically and economically aligned (in spite of the non-alignment principle) to the west especially Britain and America. In main, due to colonial hangover (Abullahi, 2004). In recognition of the newly independent Nigeria’s potentials for a mutually beneficial relationship, the United States of America was represented at the independence celebrations by the Governor of New-York State, Mr. Nelson Rockefeller. Immediately after, on October 7, 1960, Prime Minister Balewa traveled to New-York to register Nigeria as the 99th member of the United Nations thereby becoming a recognized member of the international community. While in the U.S, the prime minister met and invited President Eisenhower to visit Nigeria at the earliest opportunity. Thus, it is clear that from the first week of independence, Nigeria had established a cordial relationship with the United States of America. (Clark, 1991). It was in the spirit of this warm relationship between these two giant states that President Kennedy extended an invitation to Nigeria’s prime minister to visit the U.S. on 21st July 1961. While in America, the Nigerian Head of Government was accorded the r are honour of addressing a joint session of the United States congress. Wherein he stated, â€Å"Our affinity with the U.S is two fold – a history of common struggles to achieve freedom from anything that is oppressive to the human spirit. Also, a blood affinity- between our two countries, there resides the largest concentration of peoples with African blood†. (Clark, 1991) The Americans stated that Nigeria was a very important friend of the United States. Balewa held a meeting with President Kennedy at the oval office together with secretary of state Dean Rusk to discuss military relations between the two states as well as the situation in Angola and Congo. Situations where the two nations had conflicting interests. On the economic front, Nigeria appealed to the U.S for assistance in building the Niger dam for power generation purposes, comparing the project to the Tennesse Dam Authority. At the end of the visit, a joint statement was issued by the two nations emphasizing the U.S economic aid to Nigeria in the areas of agricultural production and public health care services. American investments into the Nigerian economy grew and amounted to over $800 million and over a third of American total investments in Africa. (Clark Ibid, Aluko: 1977) In concluding this part of the work, it is evident that America had a profound security, political, and economic interest in Africa and Nigeria as a regional power was seen as bellwether nation in the period under study. This explains the warm economic and military relations between the two nations. NIGERIA – AMERICA: 1999 – 2003 (The years of Restoration) The election of Olusegun Obasanjo, a retired general and former military head of state from 1976 to 1979 marked a historic point in the history of the Nigeria-U.S relations. Obasanjo’s ascendancy to the Nigerian Presidency was warmly received by the United States especially because the preceding regime of Gen. Sani Abacha had a very strained relationship with the United States over a wide range of issues that included Human rights violations and Democratization. The optimism and excitement of the Americans derived from a past experience of friendly relations with General Obasanjo as Head of state. In fact, the first American President to visit Nigeria was Jimmy carter when Obasanjo was military Head of state. (Abdullahi, 2004). At the political level, shortly after assumption of office in May 1999, president Obasanjo had paid a visit to then President Bill Clinton to hold bilateral talks and also with incumbent President Bush. American-Nigeria relations grew in bounds within this period. The removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of US officials, discussions of future assistance and the granting of a national interest certification on counter-narcotics effective in March 1999, strengthened the ties of friendship between the two nations and Nigeria emerged as a key partner of the U.S on the continent. (Msn.com) Two American Presidents, Bill Clinton and George Bush visited Nigeria in August 2000 and July 2003 respectively. ECONOMIC RELATIONS Economic assistance from the U.S to Nigeria increased within the period under study. Rising to $78.5 million in 2000 from 23.6 Million in 1999. In 2003, US economic assistance to Nigeria is estimated at $ 65.2 million. The American challenge in its policy towards Nigeria was to formulate a substantive partnership against the background that Nigeria provides 8  percent of America’s oil needs. (Msn.com) The United States worked closely with the central bank of Nigeria and other relevant institutions to improve the environment for investment in agriculture through policy reforms at the national and state levels. Other trade initiatives by the U.S government included capacity building in customs operations, policy reforms to encourage trade exchanges, African growth and opportunity act (AGOA) incentives for bilateral trade. Nigeria also benefited from the initiative to end hunger in Africa plan, among several other programmes. (Msn.com) What all of this demonstrates is the fact that between 1999-2003 the economic relations between Nigeria was not only very cordial and engaging, but it was characterized by the inflow of several technical aid packages intent to help boost the fortunes of the Nigerian economy. MILITARY RELATIONS In the area of defense relations between Nigeria and the U.S, the United States has supported the peacekeeping and simulation centres at the war college in Abuja-the only one of its kind in Africa. Other areas of U.S Nigeria defense relations in the period under review included personnel training, developmental and technical aid, arms sales to Nigeria, law enforcement co-operation in border control and against arms smuggling and oil theft. Military cooperation between Nigeria and U.S has been clearly manifested in the effort at resolving the Liberian crises. Wherein the U.S provided logistical equipment to the Nigerian military. The training of Nigeria military personnel in American institutions intensified. The United States also offered to provide specialized training and some facilities to the Nigeria police within this period. However, the military relationship between Nigeria and America was not without challenges or even tensions, for example, Nigerians, civilians and military alike were not keen on U.S military presence in their country. Many still attribute General Obasanjo’s replacement of Victor Malu as army chief to Malu’s open opposition to the increased military co-operation with the United States. It is the thought out opinion of this paper, that Nigeria-U.S relations within this period, especially as it concerns the economic and military ties, was in a state of growth and expansion (Aka; 2005). A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TWO EPOCHS American – Nigerian relations in the first republic (1960-1966) was predicated upon a mutual need for each other by the two nations. It was a relationship of mutual respect and friendliness. But most importantly, it was a dignified relationship for Nigeria which though a very young independent state, had effectively mobilized her resources to earn a respectful height within the community of nations in such a short time. (Clark 1991). Nigeria had cause to request for the in flow of American capital into her economy but even this did not diminish her sense of pride and independence. Whenever the need arose, Nigeria did not shy away from taking a different position to that of America. e.g. on the division of the world into blocs, Angola etc. The Head of Nigerian government in this period, Sir, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa was awarded a honorary doctorate of laws by the university of New York. He was also made an honorary citizen of three cities: Chicago, New York and New Orleans (Clark: 1991). Between 1999 and 2003, was a period of reengagement for the two na tions after a near total breakdown in relations. But this, time the power dynamics were radically different from what obtained between 1960 and 1966. In 1999, the United States’ of America was not just an alternative power bloc in the world that had another power bloc to contend with. She was now a sole, undisputed world power with an unrivalled economic and military might. (Abdullahi, 2004), whereas Nigeria, in spite of the potentials she is endowed with and the promise she had held in 1960, was a nation almost on her knees, a nation that had retarded in just about every aspect of its life and was attempting to rediscover itself. Prior to 1999, the U.S had stood with the Nigerian people in their struggle against dictatorship. In this era, it was not a relationship of two equals or near equals, No! It was an interaction between a world power and an oil producing strong state, that had fallen into a deep socio-economic comma. It was a â€Å"hand out† relationship. Nigeria looked up to the United States for every form of assistance. The U.S provided much for Nigeria supposedly, in the spirit of encouraging democratic g overnance. Especially, in form of economic and military aid packages. However, American oil corporations had unfettered access to Nigeria’s oil in return. But despite the exchange of visits between the presidents of the two countries, and the increased co-operation between the two countries, America refused to grant Nigeria’s request for a debt cancellation. It maintained that Nigeria had the resources to pay off her debts. The best Nigeria was offered is a  debt rescheduling. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this work was introduced within the frame work of foreign policy analysis, a conceptual clarification of relevant theoretical framework within which the study is located has been stated, Nigeria’s foreign policy objectives has been examined, motives for the collaboration between Nigeria and the U.S was X-rayed. The work also attempted an incisive analysis of the economic and military relationship between the countries in the two different epochs as it was required to do. This work shall now proceed to state some recommendations that should form the basis of a policy of relationship between Nigeria and the United States of America. First, greater consistency in the U.S-Nigeria military-security relationship. Washington should recognize that its national interest is best served if Nigeria is able to be a force for democracy and stability in the region. Military and security collaboration between the two countries and in Africa generally, can only increase, given t he threat of terrorism world wide. Second, increasing America’s diplomatic reach within Nigeria by establishing arenas for U.S. Exchanges with critical areas, such as its oil-producing areas in the Niger Delta and in Northern Nigeria where the U.S closed consular offices. Such diplomatic reach could help the U.S to make a contribution to conflict management in Nigeria. Third, developing a strategy for an economic action agenda in Nigeria, which must involve business and government actors in the U.S and Nigeria, as well as inviting input from the non-governmental sector. Such a strategy should focus on three priorities: first, an acknowledgement of the business community’s responsibility to be a constructive player in Nigeria’s economic and democratic transition; second, a focus on restructuring the extractive industry to curb corruption; and third, a focus on restoring agricultural industries to help alleviate rural poverty, curb rural-urban pressures and strengthen trade and export. Fourth, eliminating debt overhang and investing in education, health and human development; and fifth, strengthening democratic institutions and governance structures which involves supporting democratic dialogue across the political spectrum, as well as assisting in training for elections and parliamentary and political party development. Lastly, America ’s support for Nigeria should now be stronger than ever, with the re-institution of  democratic government. The touchstone should be â€Å"genuinely reciprocal and mutually beneficial† relationships unaffected by the vagaries of power and party affiliation in Washington; a policy that constantly engages the people and the leaders of Nigeria, that is not an appendage of any general policy that constantly engages the people and the leaders of Nigeria, that is not an appendage of any general policy, and that recognizes the fact that only a fundamental restructuring of the political and economic systems can bring about true democracy in Nigeria. (Aka, 2005; Clark, 1991; Abdullahi, 2004) REFERENCES Adeniran, T (1983). Introduction to international relations. Lagos Macmillan Johari, J.C. (1982). Comparative politics London: Sterling publishers. Okere, J.O (2000). Theory, theorizing in international relations and politics Owerri: Achugo Publishers. Mahajan, V.G (2000) Political Theory New Delhi: Chand Publishers. Abdullahi M.Y. (2004). The web of Nigerian politics. Abuja: AnnyPrints Productions. Ojo. O, and Sesay, (2002). Concepts in International Relations. Ile-Ife: University Press. Aluko, O, (ed) (1977). The foreign policy of African states. London: Hodder and Stughton. Maduagwu O.M., and Mohammed A.S. (eds) (2004). Challenges and prospects of Democratization in Nigeria. Fulbright Alumni Association of Nigeria, Book of Reading No. 2. Aka, P.C. (2005). United States of America and Support for Nigeria democratization in American political sciences review Vol, 106, No. 14 (December, 2005). Clark, T. (1991). A Right Honourable Gentleman: The life and times of Sir, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. Zaria: Huda-huda Publishing Company. Msn. Com (nd). retrieved October 17, 2008 from http:about.com/african history. Msn. Com (n.d). retrieved October 18, 2008 from http:www.usembassy nigeria. org. Holsti K.S, (1967). International Politics New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Rosenau, J. (1971). The Scientific study o f foreign policy. New York: the free press.

Buffalo State Admissions SAT Scores, Financial Aid

SUNY Buffalo State has an acceptance rate of 64  percent, meaning it has somewhat selective admissions. Students with good grades and high test scores have a good chance of being admitted, especially those who have taken AP courses, participated in sports or after-school activities, and have some work or volunteer experience. There is an essay component of the Buffalo State application--check out their website for more information. Admissions Data (2016) Percent of Applicants Admitted: 64%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Admission to Buffalo StateTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 390 / 490SAT Math: 385  / 490SAT Writing: - / -(what these SAT numbers mean)(SUNY SAT comparison chart)ACT Composite: 17 / 22ACT  English:  16 / 22ACT Math:  18 / 22(what these ACT numbers mean)(SUNY ACT comparison chart) Buffalo State Description First opened in 1871, the SUNY College at Buffalo, more frequently called Buffalo State or Buff State, is the largest of the comprehensive colleges in the SUNY system (the comprehensive universities at  Albany,  Binghamton,  Buffalo, and  Stony Brook  are all larger). Undergraduates can choose from 140 academic programs, and graduate students can pursue 60 areas of study. The college originally specialized in teacher education, and today education and other professional programs such as business, communications and criminal justice are the most popular among undergraduates. The college also has strong visual arts programs that are bolstered by the new Burchfield Penney Art Center located on the Buffalo State campus. On the athletic front, most of the Buffalo State Bengals teams compete in the NCAA Division III State University of New York Athletic Conference. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 9,475  (8,482 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 44% Male / 56% Female90% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17) Tuition and Fees: $7,701 (in-state); $17,519 (out-of-state)Books: $1,037 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,614Other Expenses: $3,332Total Cost: $24,684 (in-state); $34,534 (out-of-state) Buffalo State Financial Aid (2015  - 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 94%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 82%Loans: 69%Average Amount of Aid:Grants: $8,070Loans: $5,913 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Communication Studies, Criminal Justice, Education, Psychology, Social Work Graduation, Retention and Transfer Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 68%Transfer Out Rate: 33%4-Year Graduation Rate: 29%6-Year Graduation Rate: 50% Learn About Other SUNY Campuses Albany  |  Alfred State  |  Binghamton  |  Brockport  |  Buffalo  |  Buffalo State  |  Cobleskill  |  Cortland  |  Env. Science/Forestry  |  Farmingdale  |  FIT  |  Fredonia  |  Geneseo  |  Maritime  |  Morrisville  |  New Paltz  |  Old Westbury  |  Oneonta  |  Oswego  |  Plattsburgh  |  Polytechnic  |  Potsdam  |  Purchase  |  Stony Brook Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Football, Ice Hockey, Track and Field, Soccer, Swimming and Diving, BasketballWomens Sports:  Track and Field, Lacrosse, Ice Hockey, Swimming, Volleyball, Softball, Soccer, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Buffalo State, You May Also Like These Schools: Syracuse University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCanisius College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMercyhurst University: Profile  Alfred University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Rochester: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDaemon College: Profile  Niagara University: Profile  Binghamton University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCUNY Hunter College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphRochester Institute of Technology: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIthaca College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph